M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Secreted IGF Promotes Thyroid Cancer Stemness and Metastasis by Activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway

M2‑like tumor‑associated macrophages (TAMs) accelerated the metastasis and increased the stemness of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells, and the underlying mechanism may have been related to the section of insulin‑like growth factor by M2‑like TAMs, which activated the IR‑A/IGF1R‑mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.