TLR4

[Journal of Immunology] The authors reported that inhalation of the TLR4 ligand LPS upregulated cell surface MHC class I by ∼25-fold on the three subtypes of mouse lung epithelial cells.

[Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences] The in vitro model used human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to assess the implications of TLR4 transactivation of the TGFBR1 in vascular pathophysiology.

[Acta Pharmacologica Sinica] The authors identified a natural product patchouli alcohol as a selective estrogen receptor β agonist which improved the cognitive defects in female APP/PS1 mice, and explored the underlying mechanisms.

[Communications Biology] Researchers showed that norepinephrine secretion from intrinsic cardiac adrenergic cells was increased through activation of Toll-like receptor 4 to aggravate myocardial TNF-α production and dysfunction by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

[Arthritis & Rheumatology] Antiphospholipid autoantibodies increased human endometrial stromal cell decidualization, senescence and inflammation. The decidualization and inflammatory responses were partially mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and p38 MAP kinase, while the decidualization and senescence responses were reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent.

[Frontiers in Immunology] Researchers used a novel interleukin 35 reporter model to understand which signaling pathways are important for immunosuppressive properties in B cells.