Activation of TGF-β – SMAD2 Signaling by IL-6 Drives Neuroendocrine Differentiation of Prostate Cancer through p38MAPK

Prostate cancer cells were differentiated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in-vitro to identify novel targets or signaling pathways associated with emergence of neuroendocrine prostate cancer on deprivation of androgens.