Tag Archives: myeloid cells

Glial Cells in the Driver Seat of Leukodystrophy Pathogenesis

The authors take a closer look at multiple leukodystrophies, classified based on the primary glial cell type that is affected.
[Neurobiology of Disease]
Garcia, L., Hacker, J. L., Sase, S., Adang, L., & Almad, A. (2020). Glial cells in the driver seat of leukodystrophy pathogenesis. Neurobiology of Disease, 105087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105087 Cite
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Interleukin-33 Activates Regulatory T Cells to Suppress Innate γδ T Cell Responses in the Lung

Scientists describe an unexpected function of ST2+ regulatory T cells in suppressing the innate immune response in the lung to environmental allergens without altering the adaptive immune response.
[Nature Immunology]
Faustino, L. D., Griffith, J. W., Rahimi, R. A., Nepal, K., Hamilos, D. L., Cho, J. L., Medoff, B. D., Moon, J. J., Vignali, D. A. A., & Luster, A. D. (2020). Interleukin-33 activates regulatory T cells to suppress innate γδ T cell responses in the lung. Nature Immunology, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-020-0785-3 Cite
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Neutrophil Elastase Promotes Macrophage Cell Adhesion and Cytokine Production through the Integrin-Src Kinases Pathway

The authors demonstrated that monocyte-derived Mɸ exposed to neutrophil elastas releases active matrix metalloproteinases, increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-8, and reduced capacity to phagocytose bacteria.
[Scientific Reports]
Krotova, K., Khodayari, N., Oshins, R., Aslanidi, G., & Brantly, M. L. (2020). Neutrophil elastase promotes macrophage cell adhesion and cytokine production through the integrin-Src kinases pathway. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15874. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72667-3 Cite
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A Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen‐Haploidentical Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transplantation Combined with Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion for Treatment of Severe Aplastic Anemia in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

The authors designed a combination of haplo‐hematopoietic stem cells transplantation with allogenic mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of severe aplastic anemia in pediatric and adolescent patients and evaluated its effects.
[Stem Cells Translational Medicine]
Ding, L., Han, D.-M., Zheng, X.-L., Yan, H.-M., Xue, M., Liu, J., Zhu, L., Li, S., Mao, N., Guo, Z.-K., Ning, H.-M., Wang, H.-X., & Zhu, H. (n.d.). A study of human leukocyte antigen-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cells transplantation combined with allogenic mesenchymal stem cell infusion for treatment of severe aplastic anemia in pediatric and adolescent patients. STEM CELLS Translational Medicine, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.20-0345 Cite
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Reduced Dose of Posttransplant Cyclophosphamide in HLA-Haploidentical Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation

Scientists conducted two consecutive prospective multicenter phase II studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 80 mg/kg of PTCy in 137 patients who underwent HLA-haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation following reduced-intensity conditioning
[Bone Marrow Transplantation]
Sugita, J., Kamimura, T., Ishikawa, T., Ota, S., Eto, T., Kuroha, T., Miyazaki, Y., Kumagai, H., Matsuo, K., Akashi, K., Taniguchi, S., Harada, M., & Teshima, T. (2020). Reduced dose of posttransplant cyclophosphamide in HLA-haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-020-01065-0 Cite
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Calreticulin del52 and ins5 Knock-In Mice Recapitulate Different Myeloproliferative Phenotypes Observed in Patients with MPN

Researchers generated heterozygous and homozygous conditional inducible knock-in mice expressing a chimeric murine CALR del52 or ins5 with the human mutated C-terminal tail to investigate their pathogenic effects on hematopoiesis.
[Nature Communications]
Benlabiod, C., Cacemiro, M. da C., Nédélec, A., Edmond, V., Muller, D., Rameau, P., Touchard, L., Gonin, P., Constantinescu, S. N., Raslova, H., Villeval, J.-L., Vainchenker, W., Plo, I., & Marty, C. (2020). Calreticulin del52 and ins5 knock-in mice recapitulate different myeloproliferative phenotypes observed in patients with MPN. Nature Communications, 11(1), 4886. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18691-3 Cite
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Onco-Fetal Reprogramming of Endothelial Cells Drives Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The hepatocellular carcinoma ecosystem displayed features reminiscent of fetal development, including re-emergence of fetal-associated endothelial cells and fetal-like tumor-associated macrophages.
[Cell]
Sharma, A., Seow, J. J. W., Dutertre, C.-A., Pai, R., Blériot, C., Mishra, A., Wong, R. M. M., Singh, G. S. N., Sudhagar, S., Khalilnezhad, S., Erdal, S., Teo, H. M., Khalilnezhad, A., Chakarov, S., Lim, T. K. H., Fui, A. C. Y., Chieh, A. K. W., Chung, C. P., Bonney, G. K., … DasGupta, R. (2020). Onco-fetal Reprogramming of Endothelial Cells Drives Immunosuppressive Macrophages in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.040 Cite
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SFMBT2-Mediated Infiltration of Preadipocytes and TAMs in Prostate Cancer

Researchers investigated whether the down-regulation of Scm-like with four mbt domains 2 (SFMBT2) regulated the infiltration of preadipocytes and tumor-associated macrophages in prostate cancer.
[Cancers]
Gwak, J., Jeong, H., Lee, K., Shin, J. Y., Sim, T., Na, J., Kim, J., & Ju, B.-G. (2020). SFMBT2-Mediated Infiltration of Preadipocytes and TAMs in Prostate Cancer. Cancers, 12(9), 2718. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092718 Cite
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Integration of Innate Immune Signaling by Caspase-8 Cleavage of N4BP1

Scientists identified NEDD4-binding protein 1 (N4BP1) as a suppressor of cytokine production that was cleaved and inactivated by caspase-8. N4BP1 deletion in mice increased production of select cytokines upon Toll-like receptor 1/2, TLR7, or TLR9 stimulation, but not upon TLR3 or TLR4 engagement.
[Nature]
Gitlin, A. D., Heger, K., Schubert, A. F., Reja, R., Yan, D., Pham, V. C., Suto, E., Zhang, J., Kwon, Y. C., Freund, E. C., Kang, J., Pham, A., Caothien, R., Bacarro, N., Hinkle, T., Xu, M., McKenzie, B. S., Haley, B., Lee, W. P., … Dixit, V. M. (2020). Integration of innate immune signaling by caspase-8 cleavage of N4BP1. Nature, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2796-5 Cite
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Notch Signaling Protects CD4 T Cells from STING-Mediated Apoptosis during Acute Systemic Inflammation

Using a γ-secretase inhibitor to block Notch signaling, researchers found that Notch protected CD4 T cells from STING-mediated apoptosis during endotoxemia.
[Science Advances]
Long, J., Yang, C., Zheng, Y., Loughran, P., Guang, F., Li, Y., Liao, H., Scott, M. J., Tang, D., Billiar, T. R., & Deng, M. (2020). Notch signaling protects CD4 T cells from STING-mediated apoptosis during acute systemic inflammation. Science Advances, 6(39), eabc5447. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc5447 Cite
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Immune Cell Composition in Normal Human Kidneys

Normal human kidneys were obtained from radically nephrectomised patients with urogenital malignancy. Subsequently, human kidney immune cell subsets were analysed using multicolor flow cytometry and compared with subsets from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice under specific pathogen-free conditions.
[Scientific Reports]
Park, J.-G., Na, M., Kim, M.-G., Park, S. H., Lee, H. J., Kim, D. K., Kwak, C., Kim, Y. S., Chang, S., Moon, K. C., Lee, D.-S., & Han, S. S. (2020). Immune cell composition in normal human kidneys. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15678. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72821-x Cite
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