Radium-223-Induced Bystander Effects Cause DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow

To understand how 223RaCl2, an alpha particle emitting radiopharmaceutical, affects the growth delay of disseminated tumor cells, scientists quantified the biological changes caused by direct effects of radiation and bystander effects caused by the emitted radiations on mammary tumor cells.