Chondrogenic Differentiation Induced by Extracellular Vesicles Bound to a Nanofibrous Substrate

Extracellular vesicles derived from human articular chondrocytes cultured under differentiation medium or from chondrogenically committed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced a chondrogenic phenotype characterized by marked induction of SOX9, COMP, Aggrecan and Collagen type II, and matrix glycosaminoglycans synthesis.