Highly Parallelized Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation to Cardiac Mesoderm in Nanoliter Chambers on a Microfluidic Chip

Scientists differentiated human ESCs to early cardiac mesodermal cells in microfluidic chambers that had a volume of only 30 nanoliters, using discontinuous medium perfusion. To confirm cell pluripotency, they tracked hESC proliferation and immunostained the cells for pluripotency markers SOX2 and OCT3/4.