The authors explain how different metabolites of tryptophan are involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer, as a major complication of IBD.
[International Reviews of Immunology]
6445218 RAVD2UWJ items 1 apa 0 default asc 1 164907 https://www.stemcellsciencenews.com/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-ce2786e506d523c6eecfd711e2a92191%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22RAVD2UWJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6445218%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ala%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-07-22%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EAla%2C%20M.%20%282021%29.%20Tryptophan%20metabolites%20modulate%20inflammatory%20bowel%20disease%20and%20colorectal%20cancer%20by%20affecting%20immune%20system.%20%3Ci%3EInternational%20Reviews%20of%20Immunology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E0%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%280%29%2C%201%26%23x2013%3B20.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08830185.2021.1954638%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08830185.2021.1954638%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.stemcellsciencenews.com%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D6445218%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRAVD2UWJ%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tryptophan%20metabolites%20modulate%20inflammatory%20bowel%20disease%20and%20colorectal%20cancer%20by%20affecting%20immune%20system%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Moein%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ala%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Tryptophan%20is%20an%20essential%20amino%20acid%2C%20going%20through%20three%20different%20metabolic%20pathways%20in%20the%20intestines.%20Indole%20pathway%20in%20the%20gut%20microbiota%2C%20serotonin%20system%20in%20the%20enterochromaffin%20cells%20and%20kynurenine%20pathway%20in%20the%20immune%20cells%20and%20intestinal%20lining%20are%20the%20three%20arms%20of%20tryptophan%20metabolism%20in%20the%20intestines.%20Clinical%2C%20in%20vivo%20and%20in%20vitro%20studies%20showed%20that%20each%20one%20of%20these%20arms%20has%20a%20significant%20impact%20on%20IBD.%20This%20review%20explains%20how%20different%20metabolites%20of%20tryptophan%20are%20involved%20in%20the%20pathophysiology%20of%20IBD%20and%20colorectal%20cancer%2C%20as%20a%20major%20complication%20of%20IBD.%20Indole%20metabolites%20alleviate%20colitis%20and%20protect%20against%20colorectal%20cancer%20while%20serotonin%20arm%20follows%20a%20more%20complicated%20and%20receptor-specific%20pattern.%20Indole%20metabolites%20and%20kynurenine%20interact%20with%20aryl%20hydrocarbon%20receptor%20%28AHR%29%20to%20induce%20T%20regulatory%20cells%20differentiation%2C%20confine%20Th17%20and%20Th1%20response%20and%20produce%20anti-inflammatory%20mediators.%20Kynurenine%20decreases%20tumor-infiltrating%20CD8%2B%20cells%20and%20mediates%20tumor%20cells%20immune%20evasion.%20Serotonin%20system%20also%20increases%20colorectal%20cancer%20cells%20proliferation%20and%20metastasis%20while%2C%20indole%20metabolites%20can%20profoundly%20decrease%20colorectal%20cancer%20growth.%20Targeted%20therapy%20for%20tryptophan%20metabolites%20may%20improve%20the%20management%20of%20IBD%20and%20colorectal%20cancer%2C%20e.g.%20supplementation%20of%20indole%20metabolites%20such%20as%20indole-3-carbinol%20%28I3C%29%2C%20inhibition%20of%20kynurenine%20monooxygenase%20%28KMO%29%20and%20selective%20stimulation%20or%20inhibition%20of%20specific%20serotonergic%20receptors%20can%20mitigate%20colitis.%20Furthermore%2C%20it%20will%20be%20explained%20how%20indole%20metabolites%20supplementation%2C%20inhibition%20of%20indoleamine%202%2C3-dioxygenase%201%20%28IDO1%29%2C%20KMO%20and%20serotonin%20receptors%20can%20protect%20against%20colorectal%20cancer.%20Additionally%2C%20extensive%20molecular%20interactions%20between%20tryptophan%20metabolites%20and%20intracellular%20signaling%20pathways%20will%20be%20thoroughly%20discussed.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22July%2022%2C%202021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F08830185.2021.1954638%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220883-0185%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08830185.2021.1954638%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-07-22T20%3A08%3A04Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Ala, M. (2021). Tryptophan metabolites modulate inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer by affecting immune system. International Reviews of Immunology, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2021.1954638 Cite