Vitamin D Suppresses Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting the Local Renin–Angiotensin System in the Lung

The authors demonstrated that in lung fibroblast cultures, TGF-β and angiotensin II synergistically induced TGF-β, AT1R, α-SMA, collagen type I and fibronectin, whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D markedly suppressed the induction of these fibrotic markers.