Traf3 Inactivation Promotes the Development of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma via NIK-Mediated Hepatocyte Transdifferentiation

The authors performed a Sleeping Beauty transposon-based in vivo insertional mutagenesis screen in liver-specific Pten-deficient mice and identified tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 3 (Traf3) as the most significantly mutated gene in murine intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a loss-of-function manner.