Utilizing an in vitro system, scientists identified that macrophages relied on nitric oxide (NO) for only half of their L-arginine-mediated host defenses and this L-arginine-mediated defense in the absence of NO was associated with enhanced macrophage numbers and viability.
[Frontiers in Immunology]
6445212 YQH47XWN items 1 apa 0 default asc 1 162256 https://www.stemcellsciencenews.com/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-db2605bfd6b48d9be4bf925fcae1a5c8%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22YQH47XWN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A6445212%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22McKell%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EMcKell%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Crowther%2C%20R.%20R.%2C%20Schmidt%2C%20S.%20M.%2C%20Robillard%2C%20M.%20C.%2C%20Cantrell%2C%20R.%2C%20Lehn%2C%20M.%20A.%2C%20Janssen%2C%20E.%20M.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Qualls%2C%20J.%20E.%20%282021%29.%20Promotion%20of%20Anti-Tuberculosis%20Macrophage%20Activity%20by%20L-Arginine%20in%20the%20Absence%20of%20Nitric%20Oxide.%20%3Ci%3EFrontiers%20in%20Immunology%3C%5C%2Fi%3E%2C%20%3Ci%3E12%3C%5C%2Fi%3E.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffimmu.2021.653571%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffimmu.2021.653571%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Cite%20in%20RIS%20Format%27%20class%3D%27zp-CiteRIS%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.stemcellsciencenews.com%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.cite.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D6445212%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYQH47XWN%27%3ECite%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Promotion%20of%20Anti-Tuberculosis%20Macrophage%20Activity%20by%20L-Arginine%20in%20the%20Absence%20of%20Nitric%20Oxide%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Melanie%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rebecca%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Crowther%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Stephanie%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schmidt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michelle%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Robillard%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Rachel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cantrell%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Maria%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Lehn%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Edith%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Janssen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Joseph%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Qualls%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Macrophages%20are%20indispensable%20immune%20cells%20tasked%20at%20eliminating%20intracellular%20pathogens.%20Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis%20%28Mtb%29%2C%20one%20of%20the%20most%20virulent%20intracellular%20bacterial%20pathogens%20known%20to%20man%2C%20infects%20and%20resides%20within%20macrophages.%20While%20macrophages%20can%20be%20provoked%20by%20extracellular%20stimuli%20to%20inhibit%20and%20kill%20Mtb%20bacilli%2C%20these%20host%20defense%20mechanisms%20can%20be%20blocked%20by%20limiting%20nutritional%20metabolites%2C%20such%20as%20amino%20acids.%20The%20amino%20acid%20L-arginine%20has%20been%20well%20described%20to%20enhance%20immune%20function%2C%20especially%20in%20the%20context%20of%20driving%20macrophage%20nitric%20oxide%20%28NO%29%20production%20in%20mice.%20In%20this%20study%2C%20we%20aimed%20to%20establish%20the%20necessity%20of%20L-arginine%20on%20anti-Mtb%20macrophage%20function%20independent%20of%20NO.%20Utilizing%20an%20in%20vitro%20system%2C%20we%20identified%20that%20macrophages%20relied%20on%20NO%20for%20only%20half%20of%20their%20L-arginine-mediated%20host%20defenses%20and%20this%20L-arginine-mediated%20defense%20in%20the%20absence%20of%20NO%20was%20associated%20with%20enhanced%20macrophage%20numbers%20and%20viability.%20Additionally%2C%20we%20observed%20macrophage%20glycolysis%20to%20be%20driven%20by%20both%20L-arginine%20and%20mechanistic%20target%20of%20rapamycin%20%28mTOR%29%2C%20and%20inhibition%20of%20glycolysis%20or%20mTOR%20reduced%20macrophage%20control%20of%20Mtb%20as%20well%20as%20macrophage%20number%20and%20viability%20in%20the%20presence%20of%20L-arginine.%20Our%20data%20underscore%20L-arginine%20as%20an%20essential%20nutrient%20for%20macrophage%20function%2C%20not%20only%20by%20fueling%20anti-mycobacterial%20NO%20production%2C%20but%20also%20as%20a%20central%20regulator%20of%20macrophage%20metabolism%20and%20additional%20host%20defense%20mechanisms.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22English%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffimmu.2021.653571%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221664-3224%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffimmu.2021.653571%5C%2Ffull%3F%26utm_source%3DEmail_to_authors_%26utm_medium%3DEmail%26utm_content%3DT1_11.5e1_author%26utm_campaign%3DEmail_publication%26field%3D%26journalName%3DFrontiers_in_Immunology%26id%3D653571%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-14T17%3A03%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
McKell, M. C., Crowther, R. R., Schmidt, S. M., Robillard, M. C., Cantrell, R., Lehn, M. A., Janssen, E. M., & Qualls, J. E. (2021). Promotion of Anti-Tuberculosis Macrophage Activity by L-Arginine in the Absence of Nitric Oxide. Frontiers in Immunology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653571 Cite