Hypoxia and HIF-1 as Key Regulators of Gut Microbiota and Host Interactions

Scientists discuss recent evidence suggesting that the intricate and multidirectional interactions among the microbiota, hypoxia/hypoxic sensors, and mammalian host cells (intestinal epithelial cells and type-3 innate lymphoid cells) determine how the intestinal barrier and host–microbiota–pathogens connections are molded.