Synthesis and In Vitro Preliminary Evaluation of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Targeted Upconversion Nanoparticles as a First Step towards Radio/Fluorescence-Guided Surgery of Prostate Cancer

Researchers successfully developed active targeted upconversion nanoparticles as potential probes for dual near-infrared–near-infrared fluorescence and radioactive-guided surgery of prostate-specific membrane antigen prostate cancers.