Increased β-Adrenergic Stimulation Augments Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification via PKA/CREB Signalling

Scientists explored the effects of β2-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) calcification. Experiments were performed in primary human aortic VSMCs treated with isoproterenol during control or high phosphate conditions.