Cartilaginous Extracellular Matrix Enriched with Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived “Matrix Bound Extracellular Vesicles” Enabled Functional Reconstruction of Tracheal Defect

Coculturing chondrocytes with MSCs derived from gingival lamina propria produced abundant “matrix bound gingival MSC derived extracellular vesicles” in forming cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM), which were further preserved in acellular cartilaginous ECM following mild, short-period decellularization.