Membrane Vesicles of Lacticaseibacillus Rhamnosus JB-1 Contain Immunomodulatory Lipoteichoic Acid and Are Endocytosed by Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Scientists demonstrated that membrane vesicles from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus JB-1 were endocytosed in a likely clathrin-dependent manner by both mouse and human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro and by mouse IEC in vivo.