Patient-derived glioma stem-like cells, glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines, intracranial GBM xenografts, and GBM sections were used to measure mRNA and protein expression and determine the related molecular mechanisms by qRT-PCR, immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, OCR, ECAR, live-cell imaging, and immunohistochemistry.
[Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research]