Scientist showed that PD-1 contributed to the persistence of PD-1+TIM-3+ T cells by binding to the TIM-3 ligand galectin-9 and attenuated Gal-9/TIM-3-induced cell death.
[Nature Communications]
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Yang, R., Sun, L., Li, C.-F., Wang, Y.-H., Yao, J., Li, H., Yan, M., Chang, W.-C., Hsu, J.-M., Cha, J.-H., Hsu, J. L., Chou, C.-W., Sun, X., Deng, Y., Chou, C.-K., Yu, D., & Hung, M.-C. (2021). Galectin-9 interacts with PD-1 and TIM-3 to regulate T cell death and is a target for cancer immunotherapy. Nature Communications, 12(1), 832. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21099-2 Cite