Decreased Circulating Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Lower Foxp3 and higher Bcl-6, ICOS, and PD-1 mRNA expression levels were found in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Plasma interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-21 levels were significantly increased in DCM cases.