Immunosuppressive Features of the Microenvironment in Lymph Nodes Granulomas from Tuberculosis and HIV Co-Infected Patients

Poorly formed necrotic tuberculosis (TB) granulomas containing a high expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens were elevated in TB/HIV co-infected lymph nodes, and inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as Arg-1 expression was significantly higher in TB/HIV co-infected compared to HIV-negative TB or control tissues.