Dual-sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout of PD-L1 in Human U87 Glioblastoma Tumor Cells Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Tumor-Associated Macrophage Polarization

Utilizing dual-single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and a homology-directed repair template with the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system is a promising avenue for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.