Engineered Small Extracellular Vesicles as a FGL1/PD-L1 Dual-Targeting Delivery System for Alleviating Immune Rejection

Among various cell sources, FGL1/PD-L1 small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from MSCs not only enriched FGL1/PD-L1 expression but also maintained the immunomodulatory properties of unmodified MSC sEVs.